Knowledge gaps
Physical science / mechanism
Version published:
October 11, 2024 - 8:30pm
- Warming due to black carbon may be underestimated in the Arctic and variability across models is high (AMAP 2021).
- Improved understanding of local Arctic emissions sources of black carbon required to support implementation of effective measures to reduce emissions and improve air quality (AMAP 2021).
- Although black carbon mitigation can achieve cooling, it must be considered in concert with co-emitted species and aerosol-cloud interactions which impact effectiveness (Kühn et al. 2020).
- Improving measurement techniques of black carbon in the cryosphere and in snow will be important to advance understanding of the physical properties and processes of black carbon in the cryosphere (Moteki 2023).
- Even though direct radiative effects of black carbon are quantifiable, aerosol-cloud interactions of BC and its co-emitted species are still highly uncertain. Also considering the natural variability of surface albedo and meteorology, the overall effect of black carbon reductions on Arctic climate are hard to assess (Kühn et al. 2020).
- Warming due to black carbon may be underestimated in the Arctic and variability across models is high (AMAP 2021).
- Improved understanding of local Arctic emissions sources of black carbon required to support implementation of effective measures to reduce emissions and improve air quality (AMAP 2021).
- Although black carbon mitigation can achieve cooling, it must be considered in concert with co-emitted species and aerosol-cloud interactions which impact effectiveness (Kühn et al. 2020).
- Improving measurement techniques of black carbon in the cryosphere and in snow will be important to advance understanding of the physical properties and processes of black carbon in the cryosphere (Moteki 2023).
- Even though direct radiative effects of black carbon are quantifiable, aerosol-cloud interactions of BC and its co-emitted species are still highly uncertain. Also considering the natural variability of surface albedo and meteorology, the overall effect of black carbon reductions on Arctic climate are hard to assess (Kühn et al. 2020).
- Warming due to black carbon may be underestimated in the Arctic and variability across models is high (AMAP 2021).
- Improved understanding of local Arctic emissions sources of black carbon required to support implementation of effective measures to reduce emissions and improve air quality (AMAP 2021).
- Although black carbon mitigation can achieve cooling, it must be considered in concert with co-emitted species and aerosol-cloud interactions which impact effectiveness (Kühn et al. 2020).
- Improving measurement techniques of black carbon in the cryosphere and in snow will be important to advance understanding of the physical properties and processes of black carbon in the cryosphere (Moteki 2023).
- Even though direct radiative effects of black carbon are quantifiable, aerosol– cloud interactions of BC and its co-emitted species are still highly uncertain. Also considering the natural variability of surface albedo and meteorology, the overall effect of black carbon reductions on Arctic climate are hard to assess (Kühn et al. 2020).
- Warming due to black carbon may be underestimated in the Arctic and variability across models is high (AMAP 2021).
- Improved understanding of local Arctic emissions sources of black carbon required to support implementation of effective measures to reduce emissions and improve air quality (AMAP 2021).
- Although black carbon mitigation can achieve cooling, it must be considered in concert with co-emitted species and aerosol-cloud interactions which impact effectiveness (Kühn et al. 2020).
- Improving measurement techniques of black carbon in the cryosphere and in snow will be important to advance understanding of the physical properties and processes of black carbon in the cryosphere (Moteki 2023).
- Even though direct radiative effects of black carbon are quantifiable, aerosol– cloud interactions of BC and its co-emitted species are still highly uncertain. Also considering the natural variability of surface albedo and meteorology, the overall effect of black carbon reductions on Arctic climate are hard to assess. (Kühn et al. 2020).
Governance
Version published:
September 5, 2024 - 6:13pm
- Increased emissions data and observations can better inform policy design (van Wijngaarden et al. 2023).
- Increased emissions data and observations can better inform policy design (van Wijngaarden et al. 2023).
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