Knowledge Gaps
Physical science / mechanism
Version published:
September 10, 2024 - 7:24pm
- Fate of materials
- Do HGMs break due to shearing?
- Albedo and ocean circulation feedbacks
- Are there climate impacts from this approach that extend beyond the Arctic (Field et al. 2018)?
- The albedo of HGMs needs to be resolved – does a particle have the appropriate reflective properties to not darken snow? Some unpublished studies might resolve this conflict, and lab-based experiments can build on the results of these studies.
- How long does the effect last?
- Measuring the net effect over an appropriate time scale is challenging, but an important aspect of determining potential impacts on slowing ice loss.
- How do HGMs impact the biological carbon pump?
- Fate of materials
- Do HGMs break due to shearing?
- Albedo and ocean circulation feedbacks
- Are there climate impacts from this approach that extend beyond the Arctic (Field et al. 2018)?
- The albedo of HGMs needs to be resolved – does a particle have the appropriate reflective properties to not darken snow? Some unpublished studies might resolve this conflict, and lab-based experiments can build on the results of these studies.
- How long does the effect last?
- Measuring the net effect over an appropriate time scale is challenging, but an important aspect of determining potential impacts on slowing ice loss.
- How do HGMs impact the biological carbon pump?
- Fate of materials
- Do HGMs break due to shearing?
- Albedo and ocean circulation feedbacks
- Effects beyond Arctic (Field et al. 2018)
- The albedo of HGMs needs to be resolved – does a particle have the appropriate reflective properties to not darken snow? Some unpublished studies might resolve this conflict, and lab-based experiments can build on the results of these studies.
- How long does the effect last?
- Measuring the net effect over an appropriate time scale is challenging, but an important aspect of determining potential impacts on slowing ice loss.
- How do HGMs impact the biological carbon pump?
- Fate of materials
- Do HGMs break due to shearing?
- Albedo and ocean circulation feedbacks
- Effects beyond Arctic (Field et al. 2018)
- The albedo of HGMs needs to be resolved – does a particle have the appropriate reflective properties to not darken snow? Some unpublished studies might resolve this conflict, and lab-based experiments can build on the results of these studies.
- How long does the effect last?
- Measuring the net effect over an appropriate time scale is challenging, but an important aspect of determining potential impacts on slowing ice loss.
- How do HGMs impact the carbon pump?
Engineering needs (technical feasibility)
Version published:
September 13, 2024 - 8:04pm
- How could hollow glass microspheres be deployed so that this approach is spatially scalable?
- How could hollow glass microspheres be deployed in a way that encourages HGMs to stay in the intended deployment location?
- Contamination issues with black carbon in deployment (if using ships) would have a big impact, could this be avoided (Webster and Warren et al. 2022)?
- How to deploy?
- Large volume of materials makes unlikely for aircraft deployment (Field et al. 2018).
- Need specialized ships to navigate the central Arctic and shipping routes in Arctic open only several months in late summer (Duffey et al. 2023).
- Can an HGM be optimized for reflectivity, low to no ecotoxicity, and ruggedness?
- How could hollow glass microspheres be deployed so that this approach is spatially scalable?
- How could hollow glass microspheres be deployed in a way that encourages HGMs to stay in the intended deployment location?
- Contamination issues with black carbon in deployment (if using ships) would have a big impact, could this be avoided (Webster and Warren et al. 2022)?
- How to deploy?
- Large volume of materials makes unlikely for aircraft deployment (Field et al. 2018).
- Need specialized ships to navigate the central Arctic and shipping routes in Arctic open only several months in late summer (Duffey et al. 2023).
- Can an HGM be optimized for reflectivity, low to no ecotoxicity, and ruggedness?
- How could hollow glass microspheres be deployed so that this approach is spatially scalable?
- How could hollow glass microspheres be deployed in a way that encourages HGMs to stay in the intended deployment location?
- Contamination issues with black carbon in deployment (if using ships) would have a big impact, could this be avoided? (Webster and Warren et al. 2022)
- How to deploy?
- Large volume of materials makes unlikely for aircraft deployment (Field et al. 2018)
- Need specialized ships to navigate the central Arctic and shipping routes in Arctic open only several months in late summer (Duffey et al. 2023)
- Can an HGM be optimized for reflectivity, low to no ecotoxicity, and ruggedness?
- How to deploy – scalability
- How to deploy – so stay where wanted
- Contamination issues with black carbon in deployment (if using ships) would have a big impact, could this be avoided? (Webster and Warren et al. 2022)
- How to deploy?
- Large volume of materials makes unlikely for aircraft deployment (Field et al. 2018)
- Need specialized ships to navigate the central Arctic and shipping routes in Arctic open only several months in late summer (Duffey et al. 2023)
- Can an HGM be optimized for reflectivity, low to no ecotoxicity, and ruggedness?
Scalability
Version published:
September 13, 2024 - 8:05pm
- Site suitability analysis needed (Field et al. 2018).
- Site suitability analysis needed (Field et al. 2018).
- Site suitability analysis (Field et al. 2018)
Environmental risks / benefits
Version published:
September 13, 2024 - 8:05pm
- Consequences of leached elements from HGMs.
- Toxicity and effects of ingestion on marine organisms.
- Impacts of HGMs on mammals rearing young on ice.
- Biogeochemical interactions with HGMs on sea ice.
- Effects of HGMs on phytoplankton and ice algae.
- Effects of HGMs on benthic communities if they sink.
- How would HGMs impact the biological pump?
- Consequences of leached elements from HGMs.
- Toxicity and effects of ingestion on marine organisms.
- Impacts of HGMs on mammals rearing young on ice.
- Biogeochemical interactions with HGMs on sea ice.
- Effects of HGMs on phytoplankton and ice algae.
- Effects of HGMs on benthic communities if they sink.
- How would HGMs impact the biological pump?
- Consequences of leached elements from HGMs
- Toxicity and effects of ingestion on marine organisms
- Impacts of HGMs on mammals rearing young on ice
- Biogeochemical interactions with HGMs on sea ice
- Effects of HGMs on phytoplankton and ice algae
- Effects of HGMs on benthic communities if they sink
- How would HGMs impact the biological pump?
Governance
Version published:
September 13, 2024 - 8:05pm
- There is need for an inclusive governance approach that incorporates stakeholder concerns in the design and deployment of approaches and effectively communicates risk (Bennett et al. 2022).
- Can Indigenous rights and perspectives be incorporated in governance of ocean-based climate solutions when solutions are implemented in the name of global environmental protection (Chuffart et al. 2023)?
- There is need for an inclusive governance approach that incorporates stakeholder concerns in the design and deployment of approaches and effectively communicates risk (Bennett et al. 2022).
- Can Indigenous rights and perspectives be incorporated in governance of ocean-based climate solutions when solutions are implemented in the name of global environmental protection (Chuffart et al. 2023)?
- There is need for an inclusive governance approach that incorporates stakeholder concerns in the design and deployment of approaches and effectively communicates risk (Bennett et al. 2022).
- Can Indigenous rights and perspectives be incorporated in governance of ocean-based climate solutions when solutions are implemented in the name of global environmental protection? (Chuffart et al. 2023)
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